Pdf torrefaction is a thermal pretreatment process performed in the. Effects of reactor design on the torrefaction of biomass journal of. Arial bold, 24 pt, black, align left, 1 line author. This book will allow professionals, such as engineers, scientists, and operating personnel of biomass gasification, pyrolysis or torrefaction plants, to gain a better comprehension of the basics of biomass conversion.
Request pdf effects of reactor design on the torrefaction of biomass torrefied biomass is a green alternative to coal, and thus the interest in the torrefaction process is rising fast. This work highlights the results that have been obtained from the continuous torrefaction of pine, in a labscale 2. To study the effect of reactor design on torrefaction, ideally one should study the torrefaction of a sample. Cstr continuous stirred tank reactor and the pfr plug flow reactor. To study the properties of torrefied char obtained from this reactor, cassava rhizome was torrefied in five different configurations, including the thermosyphonfixed bed reactor, a laboratory reactor in compact bulk arrangement with. Status overview of torrefaction technologies iea bioenergy task 40. A new control method is needed to allow for effortless control of the torrefaction reactor both in the lab and on the field. Effects of reactor design on the torrefaction of biomass. Biomass torrefaction explained blackwood technology. The raw biomass is placed on the grate, and the hot inert gas. A new modeling approach and new twostage reactor for. The companies want to use the technology as a pretreatment of biomass and use the product as.
Torrefaction kinetics of red oak fluidized reactor. Effects of reactor design on the torrefaction of biomass citeseerx. The entrainedflow reactor is another commonly used gasification technology that benefits. A labscale auger reactor was used for the study of dry sewage sludge torrefaction. However prior to the definition of these parameters, at subsequent level a thermodynamic tool is built and run, capable of predicting the heating value and the. The design, modelling and optimisation of biofuel thermochemical processes are mainly based on the knowledge of reliable chemical kinetics. Torrefaction is an upgrading process of biomass for other energy generation processes like direct combustion on an industrial scale. The end product is a stable, homogeneous, high quality solid biofuel with far greater energy density and calorific value than the original feedstock, providing significant benefits in logistics, handling and storage, as well as opening up a wide range of. Economics of torrefaction plants and businesses buying. A thermosyphonfixed bed reactor was designed and constructed to investigate the temperature distribution of the cassava rhizome and its decomposition behavior.
The material supplied for processing is fed to the feeding screw from where it is transported to the first reactor, where drying process is conducted. Mass and energy balance of torrefier 142 assumptions 142 mass balance 143 torrefier 143 oil burner 143 energy balance 144 torrefier. The author provides many worked out design problems, stepbystep design procedures and real data on commercially operating systems. Overall thermal efficiency very much depends on heat integration design direct or indirectly heated process control. These reactors provide enough residence time for the reaction to take place with satisfactory conversion. It cant get the conclusion that which torrefaction technology is better, because every reactor has itself characteristics. These advantages lead to a number of studies on both process parameters and reactor design. Andritz acb torrefaction design briquetting plant rotating, indirectly heated drum reactor simple process concept specially developed for decentralized plants flexibility in feed material.
A vital component of the reactor is developing an appropriate control system for the necessary components. The outstanding advantage is the higher retained energy of the residual solid product, compared to that of the other pyrolysis process, i. Figure 4 microwaveinduced torrefaction reactor18 fluidized bed torrefaction reactor the principles of the. Although there are many types of reactors, further research regarding the ideal reactor design for minimum energy use are mainly concentrated. In such reactors, the reaction rate expression must be known determined. Torrefaction technology most reactor technologies applied for torrefaction are proven in other applications combustion, drying, gasification etc. Torrefaction process and product quality optimisation. There is a lack of literature on torrefaction reactor designs and a design sheet for estimating the dimensions of the torrefier based on capacity. Biomass gasification, pyrolysis and torrefaction 2nd edition. Review on biomass torrefaction process and product.
The torrefaction reactor primary field testing location would be in rural farms in countries such as india and kenya where biomass waste is abundant and alternative sources of energy are desperately needed. Development of self selection torrefaction system iowa state. Torrefaction standard application for andritz biomass drying solution. The rotating drum torrefaction reactor can be used in both direct 6 and. Particularly in the indian context, there is a need for the development of a smallscale system which can densify and upgrade the properties of agricultural residues after harvest. Though sensitive to the assumed physical properties of the biomass such as the specific heat capacity, it was concluded that the heat of torrefaction. A number of water and lightweight organic compounds were removed from biomass through torrefaction treatment. Torrefaction overview of reactors fluidized bed reactor rotary drum reactor problem. The chemical composition and pyrolysis behavior of the resulting torrefied biomass were examined in detail.
The reactor dimensions corresponded to a 300mm length and a 50mm diameter with an internal basket. Also, the pretreatment of biomass via torrefaction is a promising route to improve gas production in a. Other design requirements involved the future of the reactor and its tests in the field. Design of a mobile torrefaction reactor for insitu conversion of. To study the effect of reactor design on torrefaction, ideally one should study the. Ecosystems and forest growth versus torrefied wood storage what is the basic principle of torrefaction. Request pdf on oct 19, 2012, alok dhungana and others published effects of reactor design on the torrefaction of biomass find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate.
In this paper author has chosen thermogravimetric analyses and a setup with a batch reactor. There is a lack of literature on the design aspects of torrefaction reactor and a design sheet for estimating the dimensions, heat loads, gas flow rates of the torrefier based on capacity. Torrefaction process of millet and cane using batch reactor. Mass and energy balance oftorrefier assumptions mass balance torrefier oil burner energy balance torrefier. Status overview of torrefaction technologies iea bioenergy task 32. Biomass torrefaction is a thermal process used to produce highgrade solid biofuels from various streams of woody biomass or agro residues. Andritzecn torrefaction design andritz acb torrefaction design industrial demoplant 1th in denmark started up in 3rd quarter 2012 industrial demoplant 1th in austria in operation from 4th quarter 2011. Overview of nuclear reactor systems and fundamentals someday man will harness the rise and fall of the tides, imprison the power of the sun, and release atomic power.
The torrefaction of biomass results in the increase of hhv, grindability, and hydrophobicity. Review of torrefaction reactor technology scientific. The determination of reaction kinetics of biomass at high heating rate still highly depends on the extrapolation of results from kinetic data determined at a comparatively low heating rate. Torrefaction is a slow heating of biomass in an inert or reduced environment to a. The choice of torrefaction technology has become exceptionally difficult because of a near absence of a comparative assessment of different types of reactors on a common base. Pressurized, moving bed reactor andritzdti pelleting plant rotating, indirectly heated drum reactor briquetting plant key features. Torrefaction should be considered as a separate thermal regime and requires dedicated reactor process design torrefaction development is in the pilotdemophase, with 10 demo initiatives underway in europe. Torrefaction of biomass in a continuous rotating screw reactor.
Torrefaction reactor necessities have been defined after extensive research work and trials with lab and pilot scale equipment. Ronald meijer epri biomass torrefaction workshop april. The previous method of control has proven time intensive, inaccurate, and overall inefficient. Us20228444a1 biomass torrefaction system and method. Torrefaction reactor during installation lift page 15 torrefaction demonstration plants wpac november 2012 patents granted and pending. The temperatures observed in the reactor as measured on the surface of the conveyor screw are significantly lower than those measured at the wall of the reactor. The torrefaction product, mechanism, reactor technology and supplier of torrefaction reactor are described in this paper. To develop such a process, this company has developed two main tools. Effects of reactor design on the torrefaction of biomass request. A dominant torrefaction concept has emerged out of a large variety of biomass treatment technologies.
Sewage sludge torrefaction in an auger reactor energy. Reactor designs for the torrefaction of woody biomass by. The north carolina company is now ready to move to fullscale commercial production. To provide more comprehensive kinetic data for gassolid reactions. Which are the improvements in wood properties after. A simplified block diagram of the pilot plant is given in figure 4. Design of a mobile torrefaction reactor for insitu conversion of agricultural waste to solid biofuel. Design of a control system for a mobile torrefaction reactor. There is a lack of literature on the design aspects of torrefaction reactor and a design sheet. Pdf biomass torrefaction in a twostage rotary reactor. Gas exiting the drum is recirculated back to a heat source for reheating the gas prior. Design process functional requirements design of a labscale torrefaction reactor insitu conversion of agricultural waste to solid biofuel megan obrien, kevin kung, santosh shanbhogue, prof. Indirectly heated reactors might be suitable for a plant near the biomass source while directly heated plant.
Torrefaction reactor a stainless steel fluidized reactor, along with a heating and cooling system, was designed and built at a laboratory level fig. Often application of reactor technology proven for other applications drying, pyrolysis, combustion. Request pdf effects of reactor design on the torrefaction of biomass torrefied biomass is a green alternative to coal, and thus the interest in the torrefaction. Our goal is the definition of the most appropriate design parameters for a straw pellets torrefaction reactor of medium scale capacity kgh. Mechanical reactor design is based on existing drum drying system dds. Key issues in torrefaction process plant design and operation. The results have shown that both parameters affect dry sewage sludge torrefaction products to a similar extent within. This thesis presents the design and preliminary testing of a labscale movingbed torrefaction reactor. The process causes biomass to partly decompose, creating torrefied biomass or char, also referred to as biocoal. Using thermogravimetric analyzer and installation with special design batch reactor for torrefaction process, cane and millet were investigated to obtain an optimal torrefaction process temperature, residence time and best fuel characteristic. Variation in the overall process yields and product qualities are related to.
146 318 1590 285 1236 1183 843 1023 590 1134 231 1024 1430 146 1088 1217 1289 678 473 699 630 1307 1573 258 514 29 331 18 961 647 1608 1039 706 1202 1463 335 1152 267 1224 888 1340 262